- By Sharlene G. Gotico and Anna May Y. Zerrudo (completed January 2014)
ABSTRACT
this study was conducted to identify the norms amorality as reflected in the 19th century Philippine literature. Content analysis was used in this study using the three approached in literary analysis. namely Moral-Philosophical Approach, Feminism, and Historical-Biographical Approach. The following are the norms a morality depicted in Lopez-Jaena’s Between Kastila and Filipina: Temperance and Patience. In Marcelo H. Del Pilar’s To Jacefa Gatmaitan, the following attributes can be seen: Courage, Fortitude, Simplicity and Virtue. Jose Rizal’s Letter to the Young Women of Malolos exemplified the following: Piety, Fortitude/Courage, Prudence, and Resoluteness. Using the Feminist Approach, women at that time are regarded as “second class citizens” in a highly-patriarchal Philippine society, taking secondary roles in the home and in other aspects of their lives. Using the historical-biographical approach the Filipinos were repressed in their intellect and creativity because of the Spanish occupation of the Philippines. Their struggles and pains in being writers at a time of colonization are evident in their works.